192 AXSWEItS TO PRACTICAL QUESTIONS 



86. Describe the reflex actions in reading aloud. 



The body is kept erect, the hand holds the book, the eyes 

 are directed to the page, the vocal organs pronounce the words, 

 the features express the sentiments, and the other hand makes 

 corresponding gestures yet all the time the mind is intent only 

 upon the thought conveyed. 



37. Under what circumstances does paralysis occur ? 



When the nerve leading to any part of the body is injured 

 or fails to keep up communications between that portion and 

 the mind. 



38. If the eyelids of a profound sleeper were raised, 

 and a candle brought near, would the iris contract? 



It would, by reflex action. 



39. How does one cough in his sleep ? 



By the reflex action of the near nervous centers. A tick- 

 ling in the throat, or some other cause, acts as the stimulus to 

 excite their action. 



40. Give illustration of the unconscious action of the 

 brain. 



(See Physiology, p. 225. Bead also the article " The Antechamber of 

 Consciousness,' 1 in Popular Science Monthly, March, 1888.) 



41. Is chewing tobacco more injurious than smoking? 



It is not only more filthy, but also more detrimental to 

 the health, as a chewer is in danger of swallowing more of 

 the poisonous constituents of tobacco, from the constant and 

 profuse excitation of saliva, which must either be swallowed or 

 conspicuously ejected. As a rule, however, modesty in respect 

 to the disposal of his "tobacco juice" does not hinder the 

 veteran chewer from bestowing his peculiar favors generously 

 and openly, and to the least conscious injury to himself. On 

 the other hand, a smoker, especially a cigarette smoker, is liable 

 to dangerous throat diseases, incurred by the heated smoke in- 

 haled from the cigarette. 



4=2. Ought a man to retire from business ivhlle his fac- 

 ulties are still unimpaired? 



