372 SOLANACEAE (NIGHTSHADE FAMILY) 



centers, each about a half-inch broad, on peduncles about as long 

 as themselves ; calyx at first hairy but when inflated almost smooth, 

 nearly ovoid in shape, not sunken around 

 the stem, its ten ribs showing merely as 

 lines on the surface. Berry reddish yel- 

 low, about a half-inch in diameter. 

 (Fig. 258.) 



Means of control 



Starve the rootstocks by persistently 

 depriving them of leaf-growth, beginning 

 with the first bloom ; retarding new 

 growth by the use of salt or a few drops 

 of kerosene on the shorn surfaces. In 

 cultivated crops tillage should be con- 

 tinued much later than is usual, for it is 

 generally the late green foliage that 

 assimilates the food which restocks the 

 FIG. 258. Prairie underground storehouses. Small areas 

 Ground Cherry (Phy sails may be killed outright bv more liberal 

 lanceolata) X i i i 



applications of kerosene, caustic soda or 



hot brine, making the ground barren for a season; or the root- 

 stocks may be grubbed out. 



APPLE OF PERU 

 Nicdndra Physalddes, Pers. 



Introduced. Annual. Propagates by seeds. 



Time of bloom : July to September. 



Seed-time: Late August to November. 



Range: Nova Scotia to Ontario, and southward to Florida. 



Habitat: Fields, roadsides, and waste places. 



Brought to this country to be cultivated for ornament in gardens, 

 but naturalized as a weed in many localities, particularly in the 

 southern part of its range. 



Stem rather stout, smooth, angled, two to five feet tall, erect 

 and branching. Leaves long-ovate, rather thin, three to eight 



