COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 423 



teen to twenty in number, pistillate and fertile; disk florets 

 perfect. Achenes ovoid, flattened, hairy, with a double pappus, 

 the inner row of long hairs, the outer one of short and chaff- 

 like bristles. (Fig. 294.) 



Means of control 



Prevent seed development and distribution by early cutting of 

 infested grasslands. Destroy the perennial roots by cultivation of 

 the soil, which should be so enriched as to be enabled to support 

 plants of a better quality. 



HAIRY GOLDEN ASTER 



Chrysdpsis villosa, Nutt. 



Native. Perennial. Propagates by seeds. 



Time of bloom: July to September. 



Seed-time: August to October. 



Range: Wisconsin to Manitoba, and southward to Kentucky, 



Kansas, Louisiana, and Texas. 

 Habitat: Grain fields, meadows, and pastures. 



A near relative of the preceding plant and even more pernicious 

 because blooming earlier. It is taller, stouter, with fewer but 

 larger blossoms, the heads solitary at the ends of the many branches 

 and more than an inch broad. Stem two to three feet tall, stiff, 

 woody, rough, and gray with close-pressed hairs which are per- 

 sistent. Leaves narrowly oblong, obtuse at apex, the upper ones 

 rounded at base and sessile, the lower ones narrowing to a petiole ; 

 they are hoary with stiff, appressed hairs, the larger, lower ones 

 with bristly, fringed bases. Bracts of the involucre awl-shaped 

 and very hairy. Achenes three- to five-ribbed, the outer row of 

 the double pappus very spreading and bristly. 



Means of control should be the same as for the preceding plant. 



GRAY GOLDENROD 



Solidago nemoralis, Ait. 



Other English names : Field Goldenrod, Low Goldenrod, Dyer's Weed. 

 Native. Perennial. Propagates by seeds. 

 Time of bloom : Late July to November. 



