470 



COMPOSITAE (.COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



and eight to fifteen yellow neutral or sometimes pistillate but ster- 

 ile rays ; involucre hemispheric, about a half-inch high, its bracts 

 closely appressed, lance-shaped, and gray-hairy. Achenes flattened, 

 rough-hairy, with winged border and pappus of two divergent 

 awns. 



Means of control 



Prevent seed development and distribution by close cutting while 

 in first bloom. Rankly infested ground should be put under culti- 

 vation in order to destroy the perennial roots, but small areas may 

 profitably be hand-pulled or grubbed out. 



encelioides). 



GOLDEN CROWNBEARD 



Verbesma encelioldes, B. & H. 

 (Ximenesia encelioldes, Cav.) 



Native. Annual. Propagates by seeds. 

 Time of bloom: June to August. 

 Seed-time : July to September. 

 Range: Montana southward to Arizona 



and Texas, to Florida. 

 Habitat: Fields, meadows, and waste 



places. 



A very common weed in its range, 

 which is rapidly extending, the plant 

 having appeared locally as far east as 

 Maine. It intrudes in nearly all crops, 

 appropriating an injurious amount of the 

 soil fertility. 



Stem one to two feet tall, much branched 

 and densely hairy. Leaves alternate, 

 ovate, abruptly narrowed or heart -shaped 

 at base, irregularly but sharply toothed, 

 the upper surface green, but beneath pale 

 with a covering of ashy-gray hairs ; peti- 

 oles usually winged and often having a 

 spading, auricular appendage at base. 

 Heads numerous, one to two inches 



