474 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



Means of control 



Prevent seed production by mowing, hoe-cutting, or hand-pulling 

 the pests while in first bloom or earlier. Cultivation of the soil 

 destroys it and good drainage is a discouragement to this weed, 

 for it prefers the ground damp. 



BIG BEGGAR-TICK 



Bidens vulgata, Greene 



Native. Annual. Propagates by seeds. 



Time of bloom: August to October. 



Seed-time: September to November. 



Range: Ontario to British Columbia, southward throughout the 



United States, but not common in the eastern part. 

 Habitat : Moist soil ; fields, waste places. 



Much taller than the preceding plant, sometimes attaining eight 

 feet or more, smooth, and much branched. Leaves pinnately three- 

 to five-parted, with slender petioles and long-pointed, coarsely 

 toothed leaflets. Heads large, often an inch or more broad, on 

 stout peduncles; involucre of ten to sixteen outer bracts, usually 

 longer than the disk, bristle-edged, unequal ; the inner row short, 

 with abruptly narrowed tips ; rays when present, pale yellow, small, 

 neutral ; disk-florets funnel-form, four- to five-toothed, also pale 

 yellow. Achenes oblong wedge-shaped, brown or olive, very flat, 

 the faces usually smooth but sometimes roughened with fine tuber- 

 cles, the awns and the upper part of the achenes downwardly 

 barbed. 



Means of control the same as for the preceding species. 



LEAFY-BRACTED TICKSEED 



Bidens comdsa, Wiegand 



Native. Annual. Propagates by seeds. 



Time of bloom : August to October. 



Seed-time: September to November. 



Range: Maine to Minnesota, southward to Colorado, Georgia, and 



Louisiana. 

 Habitat : Moist rich soil ; fields, banks of streams, waste places. 



