512 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



if cut above the surface of the ground, they will stool and require 

 attention a second time. Cultivation of the ground at once de- 

 stroys these plants. 



TALL THISTLE 



Clrdum altissimum, Spreng. 

 (Cdrduus altissimus, L.) 



Other English names: Roadside Thistle, Horse Thistle. 



Native. Biennial. Propagates by seeds. 



Time of bloom : Late July to September. 



Seed-time: August to October. 



Range: Massachusetts to Minnesota and Nebraska, southward to 



Florida and Texas. 

 Habitat : Roadsides, borders of fields, waste places. 



Root thickened, deep-boring, and winter rosettes very large. 

 Stem three to ten feet in height, branching, downy-hairy. Leaves 

 oblong lance-shaped, the lowermost sometimes pinnatifid into 

 triangular lobes, with short, margined petioles, but those above 

 wavy-edged and prickly-toothed, sessile or somewhat clasping but 

 not decurrent, dark green and rough-hairy above, white-woolly 

 beneath. Heads solitary, terminal, about two inches broad, 

 light purple, the outer bracts of the involucre with a dark, glandu- 

 lar spot on the back and tipped with spreading spines ; the inner 

 scales without prickles. Achenes dark brown, numerous, with 

 copious, white, plumose pappus. 



Means of control the same as for the Spear Thistle. 



PASTURE, OR FRAGRANT, THISTLE 



Cirdum pumilum, Spreng. 

 (Cdrduus odoratus, Porter) 



Native. Biennial. Propagates by seeds. 

 Time of bloom: July to September. 

 Seed-time: August to October. 

 Range : Maine to Pennsylvania and Delaware. 

 Habitat: Pastures, and borders of fields. 



Root round, thick, solid, often branching, the autumn tufts of 

 leaves large and spreading. Stem one to three feet tall, stout, 

 hairy, with few branches, very leafy. Leaves oblong lance-shaped, 



