COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 523 



and softly woolly. Leaves alternate, three to six inches long, lance- 

 shaped in outline but deeply cut and lobed, the margins toothed and 

 very spiny ; they are rather thin, net-veined, hairy, the lower ones 

 narrowing to margined petioles, the upper ones sessile and clasp^ 

 ing. Heads large, solitary, terminal, closely surrounded by the 

 upper leaves, deep yellow, about 

 two inches broad, the florets all 

 tubular, those in the central 

 part perfect and fertile, those 

 around the margin shorter than 

 the others and sterile; invo- 

 lucre ovoid, its bracts imbri- 

 cated in several rows, the outer 

 ones ovate and leathery, the 

 inner ones lance-shaped and 

 tipped with long, rigid, pinnately 

 branched, reddish yellow spines. 

 Achenes oblong, ridged, crowned 

 with a double pappus, the inner 

 row of short, fine, white hairs, 

 the outer one of stiff, yellow 

 bristles, about twice as long. 



Means of control 



Being annual, the persistent Fl0 ' 359. -Blessed Thistle (Cnicus 

 prevention of seed development 

 will suppress the weed, and, if its leaves and budding flowers can 

 be sold for enough to pay for the labor required, so much the 

 better. 



NIPPLEWORT 

 Ldpsana commiinis, L. 



Other English names: Succory Dock, Ballogan. 

 Introduced. Annual. Propagates by seeds. 

 Time of bloom : June to September. 

 Seed-time: July to October. 



Range: Quebec and Ontario to Michigan, southward to Pennsyl- 

 vania and New Jersey ; also on the Pacific Coast. 

 Habitat: Fields, roadsides, and waste places. 



