530 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



with a liberal pinch of salt or a few drops of carbolic acid. Plants 

 of roadsides and waste places should be grubbed out or so fre- 

 quently cut as to prevent seed development and distribution to the 

 damage of adjacent property. 



FALL DANDELION 

 Ledntodon autumnalis, L. 



Other English names: Autumn Hawkbit, August Flower, Arnica, 



Lion's-tooth. 



Introduced. Perennial. Propagates by seeds and by rootstocks. 

 Time of bloom : Late June to October. 

 Seed-time: August to November. 

 Range : Newfoundland to western Ontario and Michigan, southward 



to Pennsylvania and Ohio. 

 Habitat: Fields, meadows, roadsides, and waste places. 



Before flowering this plant looks very like the common Dandelion, 

 the long, smooth, or slightly hairy tufted leaves having similar back- 

 ward turned, sharp-pointed lobes or 

 "lion's teeth." But instead of a 

 taproot it has short, thick rootstocks, 

 each of which may send up a tuft of 

 leaves and a flowering stalk ; so that 

 the weed tends to grow in patches 

 and rapidly chokes out the grass in 

 lawns and meadows. 



Stems six inches to two feet tall, 

 smooth, slender, branching, thick- 

 ened at summit, with small, pointed, 

 scale-like leaves. Heads with many 

 tooth-tipped bright yellow rays, more 

 than an inch broad, growing singly 

 at the ends of the slim, naked 

 branches. Achenes brown, nearly a 

 quarter-inch long, ridged lengthwise, 

 not beaked like the Dandelion, but 

 having a yellowish white pappus of 

 FIG. 366. Fall Dandelion one funnel-shaped row of plume- 

 (Leontodon autumnalis). X i like bristles. (Fig. 366.) 



