COMPOS1TAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 531 



Means of control 



The rootstocks are shallow and horizontal in their growth, and 

 plowing the rankly infested pasture or meadow kills them in one 

 season as they decay with the sod. Small areas may be removed by 

 deep hoe-cutting. Flowering stalks should be cut in their first 

 bloom, in order that none of the plumed achenes may be dispersed 

 by the wind. 



BRISTLY OX-TONGUE 

 Pirns echrtdes, L. 



Other English names: Bugloss Picris, Bitter Bugloss. 



Introduced. Annual or biennial. Propagates by seeds. 



Time of bloom : July to September. 



Seed-time: August to October. 



Range: Locally distributed in Nova 

 Scotia and Ontario and near the sea- 

 ports of the Atlantic States ; has 

 reached as far inland as Ohio. 



Habitat: Fields, roadsides, and waste 



The achenes of this plant have been 

 reported as an impurity in alfalfa seeds ; 

 it is a very unpleasant weed, rejected 

 by grazing animals because of its bitter 

 juices and prickly-hairy foliage, and it 

 should, if possible, be hindered from 

 extending its range. 



Stems fifteen to thirty inches tall, 

 branched, and closely set with stiff, 

 prickly bristles. Lower and basal leaves 

 large, spatulate, irregularly toothed, 

 narrowed to margined petioles ; stem- 

 leaves much smaller, usually entire, 

 sessile and clasping. Heads yellow, in 

 spreading corymbose panicles, on short 

 peduncles, each about a half-inch broad, 

 the outer bracts of the involucre very 

 large and leaf-like, prickly-hairy, the 

 inner ones membranous, narrow and x 1. 



