330 MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY. 



a pair of mandibles with small palpi, a labium, and two pairs 

 of " maxillipedes " or foot-jaws, of which the second is hooked, 

 and is perforated for the discharge of a poisonous fluid. There 

 is not more than one pair of legs to each somite, and the last 

 two limbs are often directed backwards in the axis of the body, 

 so as to form a kind of tail. The body in all the Chilopoda is 

 flattened, and the generative organs open at the posterior end 

 of the body. 



Scolopendra (fig. 170), Lithobius (fig. 169), and Geophilus are 

 common European genera of this order. The ordinary Cen- 

 tipedes of this country are (unless in exceptional cases) per- 

 fectly harmless ; but those of tropical regions sometimes attain 

 a length of a foot, or more, and these are capable of inflicting 

 very severe, and even dangerous, bites. 



ORDER II. CHILOGNATHA. This order comprises the vege- 

 table-eating Millepedes (Inlida), the Galleyworms (Polydesmus], 

 and other allied forms. The order is characterised by the 

 great number of legs each segment, except the five or six 



T 1 *^ 



^v^mjiii^^ 



Fig. 171. Millepede (lulus). 



anterior ones, bearing two pairs by the composition of the 

 antennae out of six or seven joints ; and by the structure of the 

 masticating organs, which consist of a pair of mandibles with- 

 out palps, covered by a lower lip, composed of the confluent 

 maxillae. The generative apertures are placed in the anterior 

 portion of the body. 



In the common Millepede (lulus] the body is composed of 

 from forty to fifty segments, each of which bears two pairs of 

 minute, thread-like legs. The lull of this country are of small 

 size, but an American species attains a length of more than 

 half a foot. The Glomeridce, or " Pill-Millepedes," live under 

 stones, and have the power of rolling themselves up into a ball. 



ORDER III. PAUROPODA. In this order is only an extra- 

 ordinary little Myriapod, described by Sir John Lubbock 

 under the name of Pauropus (fig. 172). The body is only one- 

 twentieth of an inch in length, and consists of ten somites, 

 furnished with scattered setae. There are only nine pairs of 

 legs, of which one pair is carried by the 3d segment, whilst the 

 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th segments carry each two pairs of legs, 

 and may therefore be regarded as really double. The head is 



