522 MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY. 



webbed, and the toes of the fore-limb are free. The skin is 

 warty and glandular. The common Toad (Bufo vulgaris] is 

 an excellent example of this family. The Natter-jack Toad is 

 the only other British species, but about fifty other forms are 

 known, of which many are American. 



In the Ranidcz the tongue has the same form as in the 

 Toads, but the upper jaw always carries teeth. The hind- 

 limbs are much larger than the fore-limbs, and are fitted for 

 leaping, whilst the toes are webbed. The toes of the fore- 

 limbs are free. The common Frog (Rana temper aria) is a 

 good example of the typical Ranida. This familiar species 

 (fig. 284) is found over nearly the whole of Europe, North 



Fig. 284. The common Frog (Rana temporaria). 



Africa, Northern Asia, and North America. It hibernates, 

 passing its winter sleep buried in mud at the bottom of ponds. 

 Larger than the common Frog is the Eatable Frog (Rana 

 eiailentd) of Europe, and larger again than this is the Bull-frog 

 (Rana pipiens] of North America. The Tree-frogs (Hylidce) 

 are adapted for a wholly different mode of life, having the toes 

 of all the feet furnished with terminal suckers (fig. 276), by the 

 help of which they climb with ease. They are mostly found 

 in warm countries, especially in America, but one species 

 (Hyla arbored] is European. 



In the curious American Tree-frogs forming the genus Opis- 

 thodelphys, the females have a dorsal brood-pouch, which ex- 

 tends over the back and opens posteriorly, and into which the 

 eggs are introduced prior to hatching. 



ORDER IV. LAEYRINTHODONTIA. The members of this, 

 the last order of the Amphibia, are entirely extinct. They 



