7/O MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY. 



covered with coarse fur, without spines. The two central 

 incisors of the lower jaw are small, and are placed between 

 long conical lateral incisors, which are deeply grooved on their 

 inner surfaces. We may also place here the singular Gymnura 

 of Borneo, Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula. In this genus, 

 the body is covered with long, coarse fur, the tail is long and 

 scaly, the snout is long, and the feet are five-toed. 



Fam. 6. Tupaiida. The best known members of this family 

 are the "Banxrings" or "Squirrel- shrews" (Ttipaia) of India 

 and the Malay Archipelago. These are squirrel -like Insec- 

 tivores, with long bushy tails, the feet plantigrade, five-toed, 

 with naked soles, and sickle -shaped claws. They climb 

 actively amongst the trees, and also run with facility upon the 

 ground. Closely allied to the TitpaUe is the little Ptilocercus 

 of Borneo, in which the tail is very long, and the hairs towards 

 its extremity are arranged like the barbs of a feather. 



Fam. 7. Macroscelidce. This family includes only the little 

 " Elephant-shrews " (Macroscelides) of Southern and Northern 

 Africa. They are readily distinguished by their extraordi- 

 narily elongated trunk-like nose, resembling the proboscis of 

 an Elephant, and their very long Kangaroo-like hind-legs. 



Fam. 8. Galeopithecidce This family has been constituted 

 for the reception of a very singular animal which forms a kind 

 of connecting link between the orders of the Insectivora and 

 Qiiadrumana, having been sometimes placed in the one and 

 sometimes in the other, or having been regarded as the type 

 of a separate order. The family includes only the single genus 

 Galeopithecus, comprising two species of the so-called " Colu- 

 gos" or "Flying Lemurs." The genus is confined to the 

 Indian Archipelago, and the best-known species is the Galeo- 

 pithecus volans of Malacca, Sumatra, and Borneo. The most 

 characteristic point in this singular animal is the presence of a 

 flying membrane, presenting some superficial resemblance to 

 the patagium of the Bats, but in reality very much the same 

 as the integumentary expansions of the Flying Squirrels and 

 Flying Phalangers. This membrane in the Galeopithecus ex- 

 tends as a broad expansion from the nape of the neck to the 

 arms, from the arms to the hind-legs, and from the hind-legs to 

 the tail, forming an inter-femoral membrane. The fingers are 

 not elongated, and do not support a patagium, as in the Bats, 

 so that the animal has no power of true flight, and can 

 simply take extended leaps from tree to tree. The feet are 

 furnished with five toes -each, united by a membrane, but 

 neither the hallux nor the pollex are opposable to the other 

 digits. The dental formula is 



