VERTEBRATA: MAMMALIA. 771 



.2 2 i I 2 2 3 3 



t c ' ) P m ~> m = 34- 



33 l ~ l 2 ~ 2 33 



The upper incisors are separated by a wide central space, and 

 the six lower incisors (fig. 448) are split into narrow strips, like 

 the teeth of a comb. The Galeo- 

 pitheci seem to live chiefly upon 

 fruits, and other vegetable matters. 

 They are nocturnal animals, arbo- 

 real in their habits, and they sleep 

 head downwards, suspended by 

 their prehensile tails. 



As regards the distribution of 

 the Insedivora in time, the earliest 

 undoubted, remains of the order 



OCCUr in the Miocene, at Which pe- Fi 



riod the families of the Talpidx, 

 Soricidtz, Erinaceida, and Centetida, 

 appear to have been already differentiated. The geological 

 distribution of the order, however, presents no points of spe- 

 cial interest. 



CHAPTER LXXIX. 



QUADRUMANA. 



ORDER XVI. QUADRUMANA. The sixteenth order of Mam- 

 mals is that of the Quadrumana, comprising the Apes, Mon- 

 keys, Baboons, Lemurs, &c., characterised by the following 

 points : 



The hallux (innermost toe of the hind-limb) is separated from 

 the other toes, and is opposable to them, so that the hind -feet 

 become prehensile hands. The pollex (innermost toe of the fore- 

 limbs) may be wanting, but when present, it also is usually oppos- 

 able to the other digits, so that the animal becomes truly quadru- 

 manous, or four-handed. 



ty 2 *? . _. i *? 



The incisor teeth generally are - , and the molars , 



with broad and tuber culate crowns. Perfect clavicles are present. 

 The teats are two in number, and (except in Cheiromys) are 

 pectoral in position, and the placenta is discoidal and deciduate. 

 The Quadrumana are divided by Owen into three very 



