VERTEBRATA : MAMMALIA. 779 



fore-limbs in terrestrial progression, running upon all -fours 

 with the greatest ease. They are mainly inhabitants of Africa, 

 and one of them, the Mandrill (Cynocephalus Maimon\ attains 

 very nearly the height of a man. The best-known species are 

 the Chacma (Cynocephalus porcarius], the Derrias or' 'Sacred 



Fig. 452. Side- view of the skull of a Baboon (Cynocephalus ursin-us)^ (After Giebel.) 



Baboon" (C. Hamadryas), the common Baboon (C. papio\ 

 and the Mandrill. The Derrias is found in Arabia and Abys- 

 sinia, and occurs both embalmed and sculptured upon ancient 

 monuments in Egypt and Nubia. The Mandrill is rendered 

 probably without exception the most disgustingly hideous of 

 living beings by the possession of large blood-red natal cal- 

 losities and of enormous cheek -protuberances striped with 

 brilliant colours in alternate ribs. The genus Cynopithecus 

 includes a baboon-like monkey which is found in Celebes and 

 the Philippine Islands. 



The third family of the Catarhine Monkeys is that of the 

 Anthropomorphous or Anthropoid Apes, so called from their 

 making a nearer approach in anatomical structure to Man than 

 is the case with any other Mammal. The members of this 

 family are Apes in which there is no tail, and cheek-pouches 

 are absent, whilst in some cases there are also no natal callo- 

 sities. They agree with Man in the possession of a broad flat 

 sternum (whence their name of " Latisternal" Apes), in having 

 an appendix vermiformis to the caecum, and in the fact that the 

 liver, except in the Gorilla, is of a very simple structure. The 

 hind-legs are short shorter than the fore-limbs and the 

 animal can progress in an erect or semi- erect position. At 

 the same time, the thumbs of the hind-feet (hallux) are oppos- 

 able to the other digits, so that the hind-feet are prehensile 



