GLOSSARY. 799 



FISSIPAROUS (Lat. findo ; and pario, I produce). Giving origin to fresh struc- 

 tures by a process of fission. 



FISSIROSTRES (Lat. findo y I cleave; rostrum, beak). A sub-order of the 

 Perching Birds. 



FLAGELLUM (Lat. for whip). The lash-like appendage possessed by many In- 

 fusoria, which are therefore said to be " flagellate." 



FLORA (Lat. Mora, the goddess of flowers). The general assemblage of the 

 plants of any region or district. 



FOOT-JAWS. The limbs of Crustacea, which are modified to subserve masti- 

 cation. 



FOOT-SECRETION. The term applied by Mr Dana to the sclerobasic corallum 

 of certain Actinozoa. 



FOOT-TUBERCLES. The unarticulated appendages of the Annelida, often called 

 parapodia. 



FORAMINIFERA (Lat. foramen, an aperture ; fero, I carry). An order of Pro- 

 tozoa, usually characterised by the possession of a shell perforated by 

 numerous pseudopodial apertures. 



FRUGIVOROUS (Lat. frux, fruit"; voro, I devour). Living upon fruit. 



FURCULUM or FURCULA (Lat. dim. of furca, a fork). The "merry-thought" 

 of birds, or the V-shaped bone formed by the united clavicles. 



FUSIFORM (Lat. fusus, a spindle ; and forma, shape). Spindle-shaped, or 

 pointed at both ends. 



GALLINACEI (Lat. gallina, a fowl). Sometimes applied to the whole order of 

 the Rasorial Birds, but properly restricted to that section of the order of 

 which the common Fowl is a typical example. 



GANGLION (Gr. gagglion. a knot). A mass of nervous matter containing nerve- 

 cells, and giving origin to nerve-fibres. 



GANOID (Gr. ganos, splendour, brightness). Applied to those scales or plates 

 which are composed of an inferior layer of true bone covered by a superior 

 layer of polished enamel. 



GANOIDEI. An order of Fishes. 



GASTEROPODA (Gr. gaster, stomach ; pous, foot). The class of the Mollusca 

 comprising the ordinary univalves, in which locomotion is usually effected 

 by a muscular expansion of the under surface of the body (the "foot"). 



GASTRULA (Gr. dim. of gaster, stomach). A name applied by Hseckel to that 

 developmental stage in various animals, in which the embryo consists of two 

 fundamental membranes, an outer and an inner, enclosing a central cavity. 



GEMMAE (Lat. gemma, a bud). The buds produced by any animal, whether 

 detached or not. 



GEMMATION. The process of producing new structures by budding. 



GEMMIPAROUS (Lat. gemma, a bud ; pario, I produce). Giving origin to new 

 structures by a process of budding. 



GEMMULES (Lat. dim. of gemma). The ciliated embryos of many Ccelenterata ; 

 also the seed-like reproductive bodies or " spores " of Spongilla. 



GEPHYREA (Gr. gephura, a bridge). A class of the Anarthropoda, comprising 

 the Spoon-worms (Sipunculus) and their allies. 



GIZZARD. A muscular division of the stomach in Birds, Insects, &c. 



GLADIUS (Lat. a sword). Applied to the horny endoskeleton or "pen" of 

 certain Cuttle-fishes. 



GLENOID (Gr. glene, a cavity ; eidos, form). A shallow cavity ; applied espe- 

 cially to the shallow articular cavity in the shoulder-blade to which the head 

 of the humerus is jointed. 



GNATHITES (Gr. gnathos, a jaw). The masticatory organs of Crustacea. 



GONANGIUM (Gr. gonos, offspring; and aggeion, a vessel). The chitinous 

 receptacle in which the reproductive buds of certain of the Hydrozoa are 

 produced. 



GONOBLASTIDIA (Gr. gonos, offspring ; Uastidion, dim. of blastos, a bud). The 

 processes which carry the reproductive receptacles, or " gonophores," in 

 many of the Hydrozoa. 



GONOCALYX (Gr. gonos ; and kalux, cup). The swimming -bell in a medusiform 

 gonophore, or the same structure in a gonophcre which is not detached. 



