804 GLOSSARY. 



of Mammalia, according to Owen, in which the cerebral hemispheres are 

 smooth or have few convolutions. 



LITHOCYSTS (Gr. lithos, a stone ; kustis, a cyst). The sense-organs or "mar- 

 ginal bodies" of the Lucernarida or Steganoxththalmate Medusce, 



LONGIPENNAT.E (Lat. longus, long ; penna, wing). A group of the Natatorial 

 Birds. 



LONGIROSTRES (Lat. longus ; rostrum, beak). A group of the Wading Birds. 



LOPHOPHORE (Gr. lophos, a crest ; and phero, I carry). The disc or stage upon 

 which the tentacles of the Poly zoo, are borne. 



LOPHYROPODA (Gr. lophouros, having stiff hairs ; and podes, feet). A section 

 of Crustacea. 



LORTCA (Lat. a breast-plate). Applied to the protective case with which cer- 

 tain Infusoria are provided. 



LORICATA (Lat. lorica, a cuirass). The division of Reptiles comprising the 

 Ghelorda and Cwcodilia, in which bony plates are developed in the skin 

 (derma). 



LUCERNARIDA (Lat. lucerna, a lamp). An order of the Hydrozoa, 



LUMBAR (Lat. lumbus, loin.) Connected with the loins. 



LUXATE (Lat. luna, moon). Crescentic in shape. 



LYENCEPHALA (Gr. luo, I loose ; egkephalos, brain). A primary division of 

 Mammals according to Owen. 



MACRODACTYLI (Gr. makros, long ; daktulos, a finger). A group of the Wading 



Birds. 

 MACRURA (Gr. makros, long ; oura, tail). A tribe of Decapod Crustaceans 



with long tails (e.g., the Lobster, Shrimp, &c.). 

 MADREPORIFORM. Perforated with small holes, like a coral ; applied to the 



tubercle by which the ambulacral system of the Echinoderms mostly com- 

 municates with the exterior. 

 MALACOSTRACA (Gr. malakos, soft ; ostrakon, shell). A division of Crustacea. 



Originally applied by Aristotle to the entire class Crustacea, because their 



shells were softer than those of the Mollusca. 

 MALLOPHAGA (Gr. mallos, a fleece ; phago, I eat). An order of Insects which 



are mostly parasitic upon birds. 

 MAMMALIA (Lat. mamma, the breast). The class of Vertebrate animals which 



suckle their young. 

 MANDIBLE (Lat. mandibulum, a jaw). The upper pair of jaws in Insects ; 



also applied to one of the pairs of jaws in Crustacea and Spiders, to the beak 



of Cephalopods, the lower jaw of Vertebrates, &c. 

 MANTLE. The external integument of most of the Mollusca, which is largely 



developed, and forms a cloak in which the viscera are protected, Techni- 

 cally called the "pallium." 

 MANUBRIUM (Lat. a handle). The polypite which is suspended from the roof 



of the swimming-bell of a Medusa, or from the gonocalyx of a medusiform 



gonophore amongst the Hydrozoa. 



MANUS (Lat. the hand). The hand or fore-foot of the higher Vertebrates. 

 MARSIPOBRANCHII (Gr. marsipos, a pouch ; bragchia, gill). The order of 



Fishes comprising the Hag-fishes and Lampreys with pouch-like gills. 

 MARSUPIALIA (Lat. inarsupium, a pouch). An order of Mammals in which 



the females mostly have an abdominal pouch in which the young are 



carried. 

 MASTAX (Gr. mouth). The muscular pharynx or "buccal funnel" into which 



the mouth opens in most of the Rotifera. 



MASTICATORY (Lat. mastico, I chew). Applied to parts adapted for chewing. 

 MAXILLAE (Lat. jaws). The inferior pair or pairs of jaws in the Arthropoda 



(Insects, Crustacea, &c.). The upper jaw-bones of Vertebrates. 

 MAXILLIPEDES ( Lat. maxillce, jaws ; pes, the foot). The limbs in Crustacea 



and Myriapodct, which are converted into masticatory organs, and are com- 

 monly called "foot-jaws." 

 MEDULLA (Lat. marrow). Applied to the marrow of bones ; or to the spinal 



cord, with or without the adjective " spinalis." 

 MEDUS.E. An order of Hydrozoa, commonly known as Jelly-fishes (Disco- 



