8 14 GLOSSARY. 



"Saurian ; " but the term is sometimes restricted to the Crocodiles alone, 



or to the Crocodiles and Lacertilians. 

 SAUROBATRACHIA (Gr. saura; batrachos, frog). Sometimes applied to the 



order of the tailed Amphibians ( Urodela). 

 SAUROPSIDA (Gr. saura ; and opsis, appearance). The name given by Huxley 



to the two classes of the Birds and Reptiles collectively. 

 SAUROPTERYGIA (Gr. saura ; pterux, wing). An extinct order of Reptiles, 



called by Huxley Plesiosauria, from the typical genus Plesiosaurus. 

 SAURURJ3 (Gr. saura ; oura, tail). The extinct order of Birds comprising 



only the Archveopteryx. 

 SCANSORES (Lat. scando, I climb). The order of the Climbing Birds (Parrots, 



Woodpeckers, &c.). 

 SCAPHOGNATHITE (Gr. skaphos, boat ; and gnathos, jaw). The boat-shaped 



appendage (epipodite) of the second pair of maxillae in the Lobster, the 



function of which is to spoon out the water from the branchial chamber. 

 SCAPULA (Lat. for shoulder-blade). The shoulder-blade of the pectoral arch of 



Vertebrates ; in a restricted sense, the row of plates in the cup of Crinoids, 



which give origin to the arms, and are usually called the " axillary radials." 

 SCLERENCHYMA (Gr. skleros, hard; and enchunia, tissue). The calcareous 



tissue of which a coral is composed. 

 SCLERITES (Gr. skleros). The calcareous spicules which are scattered in the 



soft tissues of certain Actinozoa. 

 SCLEROBASIC (Gr. skleros, hard ; basis, pedestal). Applied to the coral which 



is produced by the coenosarc in certain Actinozoa (e.g., Red Coral), and 



which forms a solid axis which is' invested by the soft parts of the animal. 



It is called " foot-secretion " by Mr Dana. 

 SCLERODERMIC (Gr. skleros ; and derma, skin). Applied to the corallum which 



is deposited between the tissues of certain Actinozoa, and is called " tissue- 

 secretion " by Mr Dana. 



SCLEROTIC (Gr. skleros, hard). The outer dense fibrous coat of the eye. 

 SCOLECIDA (Gr. skolex, worm). A division of the Annuloida. 

 SCOLEX (Gr. skolex). The embryonic stage of a Tape- worm, formerly known 



as a " Cystic worm." 

 SCUTA (Lat. scutum, a shield). Applied to any shield-like plates ; 



to those which are developed in the integument of many Reptiles. 

 SELACHIA or SELACHII (Gr. selachos, a cartilaginous lish, probably a shark). 



The sub-order of Elasmobranchii, comprising the Sharks and Dog-fishes. 

 SEPIOSTAIRE. The internal shell of the Sepia, commonly known as the 



" cuttle-bone." 

 SEPTA. Partitions. 



SERPENTIFORM. Resembling a serpent in shape. 

 SERTULARIDA (Lat. sertum, a wreath). An order of Hydrozoa. 

 SESSILE (Lat. sedo, I sit). Not supported upon a stalk or peduncle ; attached 



by a base. 



SET^B (Lat. bristles). Bristles, or long stiff hairs. 

 SETIFEROUS. Supporting bristles. 

 SETIGEROUS ( = Setiferous) . 

 SETOSE. Bristly. 



SILICEOUS (Lat. silex, flint). Composed of flint. 



SINISTRAL (Lat. sinistra, the left hand). Left-handed ; applied to the direc- 

 tion of the spiral in certain shells, which are said to be "reversed." 

 SINUS (Lat. sinus, a bay). A dilated vein or blood-receptacle. 

 SIPHON (Gr. siphon, a tube). Applied to the respiratory tubes in the Mol- 



lusca; also to other tubes of different functions. 

 SIPHONOPHORA (Gr. siphon ; andphero, I carry). A division of the Hydrozoa, 



comprising the Oceanic forms (Calycophoridve and Physophoridce). 

 SIPHONOSTOMATA (Gr. siphon ; and stomia, mouth). The division of Gasteropo- 



dous Molluscs, in which the aperture of the shell is not "entire," but 



possesses a notch or tube for the emission of the respiratory siphon. 

 SIPHUNCLE (Lat. siphunculus, a little tube). The tube which connects together 



the various chambers of the shell of certain Cephalopoda (e.g. , the Pearly 



Nautilus). 



