134 MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY. 



3. Seriatoporida. Corallum arborescent ; sclerenchyma abundant and 



compact ; tabulae few. 



4. Milleporida. Corallum massive or foliaceous ; septa not numerous ; 



sclerenchyma tabular or cellular. 



II. PERFORATA. Septa well developed; no tabulae; dissepiments rudi- 



mentary ; sclerenchyma porous. 



5. Eupsammidtz. Corallum simple or composite; septa well developed 



and lamellar ; columella spongiose. 



6. Poritida. Corallum composed of spongy, reticulated sclerenchyma. 



Septa never lamellar, but consisting wholly of a more or less definite 

 series of trabeculae ; no tabulae. 



7. Madreporida. Corallum usually composite ; coenenchyma abundant 



and spongy ; thecae porous, not distinct from the coenenchyma ; 

 septa distinct, but slightly perforate. 



III. APOROSA. Septa well developed, completely lamellar, and primitively 



consisting of six elements ; no tabulae ; sclerenchyma imperforate. 



8. Fungid<z. Corallum simple or compound; thecae ill developed, and 



somewhat porous ; no dissepiments or tabulae ; synapticulae numer- 

 ous. 



9. Astr<zid<z. Corallum simple or compound ; no proper coenenchyma ; 



numerous dissepiments ; no synapticulae. Corallites well defined, 

 and separated from one another by perfect walls. 



10. Oculinidce. Corallum composite ; coenenchyma abundant and com- 



pact ; dissepiments few in number. Walls of the corallites without 

 perforations, not distinct from the coenenchyma. 



11. TurbinolidcE. Corallum usually simple ; no coenenchyma ; septa well 



developed ; no dissepiments, nor synapticulae. 



IV. TUBULOSA. Septa indicated by mere striae ; thecae pyriform ; corallites 



sometimes connected by a creeping basal coenenchyma. 



12. Auloporidtz. This being the only family in the Tubulosa, its charac- 



ters are necessarily the same as those of the division itself. 



B. ORDER RUGOSA. Characterised by the possession of a sclerodermic 

 corallum, usually with septa and tabulae combined, the former being in 

 multiples of four. The corallites are always distinct, and are never united 

 together by a coenenchyma. The septa are usually incomplete, but are 

 never porous, and never bear synapticulae. The order is divided into the 

 following four families : 

 Family I. Stauridce. 



Corallum simple or composite ; septa incomplete, united by lamellar 



dissepiments ; four large primary septa, forming a cross. 

 Family 2. Cyathaxonidcz. 



Corallum simple ; septa complete ; no dissepiments or tabulae ; with- 



out four primary septa, 

 lily 3. Cyathophyllii 



Family 3. Cyathophyllida. 



Corallum simple or composite ; septa incomplete ; tabulae generally 



present. 

 Family 4. Cystiphyllidce. 



Corallum simple, composed chiefly of a vesicular mass, with but 

 slight traces of septa. 



