ANNULOSA: INSECTA. 247 



is complete, the larvae being completely destitute of feet ; but 

 in some cases (e.g,, the gnats) the pupae are aquatic and are 

 actively locomotive. In most cases, however, the pupae are 

 quiescent. 



The Diptera constitute one of the largest of the orders of 

 the Insecta; the House-flies (Mused), Gnats (Cufex), Forest- 

 flies (Hippobosca\ and Gad-flies (Tabanida\ constituting good 

 examples. 



Fig. 87. Diptera. Crane-fly ( Tipula oleracea), 



ORDER IX. LEPIDOPTERA. Mouth suctorial, consisting of 

 a spiral trunk or " antlia," composed of the greatly elongated 

 maxillae, protected, when not in use, by the cushion-shaped, 

 hairy, labial palpi. Labrum and mandibles rudimentary. 

 Wings four in number, flattened, covered with modified hairs 

 or scales. Larvae vermiform, commonly known as "cater- 

 pillars." 



This well-known and most beautiful of all the orders of 

 Insects comprises the Butterflies (fig. 88) and the Moths (fig. 

 89) ; the former being diurnal in their habits, the latter mostly 

 crepuscular or nocturnal. 



The larvae of Lepidoptera (fig. 89), commonly called " cater- 

 pillars," are vermiform in shape, normally composed of thirteen 

 segments, the anterior portion forming a distinct horny head, 

 with antennae, jaws, and usually simple eyes. The mouth of 

 the caterpillar, unlike that of the perfect insect, is formed for 



