PROBOSCIDEA. 



do in the Rodents (such as the Beaver, Rat, &c.) The molar 

 teeth are singularly like those of the Rhinoceros. According 

 to Huxley, the dental formula of the aged animal is 



c . m 



22 oo 44 33 



The fore-feet are tetradactylous, the hind-feet tridactylous, 

 and all the toes have rounded hoof-like nails, with the ex- 

 ception of the inner toes of the hind-feet, which have an 

 obliquely-curved nail. There are no clavicles. The nose and 

 ears are short, and the tail is represented by a mere tubercle. 

 The placenta is deciduate and zonary, whereas in the Ungulates 

 it is non-deciduate. 



Two or three species of Hyrax are known, but they resemble 

 one another in all essential particulars. They are all gregarious 

 little animals, living in holes of the rocks, and capable of 

 domestication. One species is said to be arboreal in its 

 habits. The " coney" of Scripture is believed to be the Hyrax 

 Syriacus, which occurs in the rocky parts of Syria and Palestine. 

 Another species the Hyrax Capensis occurs commonly in 

 South Africa, and is known by the colonists as the " badger." 



ORDER VIII. PROBOSCIDEA. The eighth order of Mammals 

 is that of the Proboscidea, comprising no other living animals 

 except the Elephants, but including also the extinct Mastodon 

 and Deinotherium. 



The order is characterised by the total absence of canine 

 teeth ; the molar teeth are few in number, large, and trans- 

 versely ridged or tuberculate ; incisors are always present, and 

 grow from persistent pulps, constituting long tusks (fig. 201). 

 In living Elephants there are two of these tusk-like incisors in 

 the upper jaw, and the lower jaw is without incisor teeth. In 

 the Deinotherium this is reversed, there being two tusk-like lower 

 incisors and no upper incisors. In the Mastodons, the incisors 

 are usually developed in the upper jaw, and form tusks, as in 

 the Elephants, but sometimes there are both upper and lower 

 incisors, and both are tusk-like. The nose is prolonged into a 

 cylindrical trunk, movable in every direction, highly sensitive, 

 and terminating in a finger-like prehensile lobe (fig. 201). The 

 nostrils are placed at the extremity of the proboscis. The feet 

 are furnished with five toes each, but these are only indicated 

 externally by the divisions of the hoof. The feet are furnished 

 with a thick pad of integument, forming the palms of the hand 

 and the soles of the feet. There are no clavicles. The testes 

 are abdominal throughout life. There are two teats, and these 

 are placed upon the chest. The placenta is deciduate and zonary. 



