INSECTIVORA. 549 



species are known the Greater and Lesser Horse-shoe Bats 

 (Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum and R. hipposideros). 



Fam. 3. Phyllostomidcz. This is the only remaining family 

 of the Insectivorous Bats, and comprises the well-known Vam- 

 pire-bats (fig. 210, A) distinguished by having leaf-like nasal 

 appendages, and by the fact that the ears are of small size ; 

 whereas in the preceding they are always very large (Rhinolo- 

 phus}, and are often confluent above the forehead (Megaderma.) 

 They are all of large size, and are natives of South America. 

 The Vampire-bat (Phyllostoma spectrum) has an expanse of wing 

 of two feet and a half, and lives chiefly upon insects. It also 

 has the habit of sucking the blood of sleeping animals, appear- 

 ing sometimes to attack even man, though apparently never 

 doing any substantial or lasting injury. 



SECTION B. FRUGIVORA. In the fruit-eating section of the 

 Cheiroptera are only the Pteropidce or the Fox-bats, so called 

 from the resemblance of the head to that of a fox (fig. 210, B). 

 The head in these bats is long and pointed. The ears are 

 of moderate size, and the nose is destitute of any appendages. 

 Cutting incisors and canines are present in both jaws, and the 

 Fox-bats do not refuse to eat small birds or mammals. They 

 live, however, mostly upon fruits, and the molars are therefore 

 not cuspidate, but are furnished with blunt tubercular crowns. 

 The tail is very short, or is entirely absent. The Pteropidce are 

 amongst the largest of the Bats, one species the Pteropus 

 edulis, or Kalong attaining a length of from four to five feet 

 from the tip of one wing to that of the other. The Pteropidce 

 are especially characteristic of the Pacific Archipelago Java, 

 Sumatra, Borneo, &c. but they also occur in Asia, Australia, 

 and Africa. 



CHAPTER LXXXII. 

 INSECTIVORA. 



ORDER XII. INSECTIVORA. The twelfth order of Mammals 

 is that of the Insectivora, comprising a number of small Mam- 

 mals which are very similar to the Rodents in many respects, 

 but want the peculiar incisors of that order, and are likewise 

 always furnished with clavicles. 



In the Insectivora, all the three kinds of teeth are usually 

 present, but the exact nature of the dentition varies consider- 

 ably in different cases. The incisors and canines present little 



