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GLOSSARY. 



GEMMJE (gemma, a bud). The buds produced by any animal, whether de- 



tached or not. 



GEMMATION. The process of producing new structures by budding. 

 GEMMIPAROUS (Lat. gemma, a bud ; pario, I produce). Giving origin to new 



structures by a process of budding. 

 GEMMULES (Lat. dim. of gemma). The ciliated embryos of many Coelenterata ; 



also the seed-like reproductive bodies or "spores " of Spongilla. 

 GEPHYREA (Gr. gephura, a bridge). A class of the Anarthropoda, comprising 



the Spoon-worms (Sipunculus) and their allies. 



GIZZARD. A muscular division of the stomach in Birds, Insects, &c. 

 GLADIUS (Lat. a sword). Applied to the horny endoskeleton or "pen" of 



certain Cuttle-fishes. 

 GLENOID (Gr. glene, a cavity; eidos, form). A shallow cavity; applied espe- 



cially to the shallow articular cavity in the shoulder-blade to which the head 



of the humerus is jointed. 



GNATHITES (Gr. gnathos, a jaw). The masticatory organs of Crustacea. 

 GONOBLASTIDIA (Gr. gonos, offspring ; blastidion, dim. of blastos, a bud). The 



processes which carry the reproductive receptacles, or " gonophores," in 



many of the Hydrozoa. 

 GONOCALYX (Gr. gonos; and kalux, cup). The swimming-bell in a medusiform 



gonophore, or the same structure in a gonophore which is not detached. 

 GONOPHORE (Gr. gonos, and phero, I carry). The generative buds, or recep- 



tacles of the reproductive elements, in the Hydrozoa, whether these become 



detached or not. 

 GONOSOME (Gr. gonos ; and soma, body). Applied as a collective term to the 



reproductive zooids of a Hydrozoon. 

 GONOTHECA (Gr. gonos; and theke, a case). The chitinous receptacle within 



which the gonophores of certain of the Hydrozoa are produced. 

 GRALLATORES ( Lat. grallce, stilts). The order of the long-legged Wading Birds. 

 GRANIVOROUS (Lat. granum, a grain or seed ; voro, I devour). Living upon 



grains or other seeds. 

 GRAPTOLITID.S; (Gr. grapho, I write ; lithos, stone). An extinct sub-class of 



the Hydrozoa. 

 GREGARINIDA (Lat. gregarius, occurring in numbers together). A class of the 



Protozoa. 

 GUARD. The cylindrical fibrous sheath with which the internal chambered 



shell (phragmacone) of a Belemnite is protected. 

 GYMNOL.&MATA (Gr. gumnos, naked ; laima, the throat). An order of the 



Polyzoa in which the mouth is devoid of the valvular structure known as 



the " epistome." 

 GYMNOPHIONA (Gr. gumnos, naked; ophis, a snake). The order of the Am- 



phibia comprising the snake-like Ccecilice. 

 GYMNOPHTHALMATA (Gr. gumnos; and ophthalmos, the eye). Applied by Ed- 



ward Forbes to those Medusce in which the eye-specks at the margin of the 



disc are unprotected. The division is now abandoned. 

 GYMNOSOMATA (Gr. gumnos; and soma, the body). The order of Pteropoda in 



which the body is not protected by a shell. 

 GYNOPHORES (Gr. gune, woman ; phero, I carry. The generative buds, or 



gonophores, of Hydrozoa, which contain ova alone, and differ in form from 



those which contain spermatozoa. 

 GYRENCEPHALA (Gr. guroo, I wind about; egkephalos, brain). Applied by 



Owen to a section of the Mammalia in which the cerebral hemispheres are 



abundantly convoluted. 



(Gr. haima, blood). Connected with the bloodvessels, or with the 



circulatory system. 

 H.;MATOCRYA (Gr. haima, blood ; cruos, cold). Applied by Owen to the 



"cold-blooded" Vertebrates Viz., the Fishes, Amphibia, and Reptiles. 

 H^BMATOTHERMA (Gr. haima, blood ; thermos, warm). Applied by Owen to 



the "warm-blooded" Vertebrates viz., Birds and Mammals. 

 HALLUX (Lat. allex, the thumb or great toe). The innermost of the five 



