22 THE FORMAL GARDEN IN ENGLAND ii 



century retained features which were distinct 

 survivals from the mediaeval garden. 



No instances remain of any mediaeval garden, 

 and we have to form our ideas of it chiefly 

 from illuminated manuscripts and early paint- 

 mgs. They were walled in, and supplied with 

 water in conduits and fountains, and planted 

 closely with hedges and alleys, as appears from 

 the well-known lines written by James I. of Scot- 

 land during his captivity at Windsor, 1405- 1424. 



"Now was there made, fast by the Tower's wall, 

 A garden fair, and in corneris set 

 Ane herbere green with wandes long and small, 

 Railit about, and so with treeis set, 

 Was all the place, and hawthorn hedges knet 

 Thet lyf was non, walking there forbye. 

 That might therein scarce any wight espye — 

 So thick the boughis and the leaves green 

 Beshaded all the alleys that there were — 

 And myddis every herbere might be scene 

 The sharp, green, sweete junipere." 



Mr. Hazlitt (^Gleanings in old Garden 

 Literature) has collected what evidence there 

 is of the mediaeval garden in contemporary 

 literature, and unfortunately there is very 

 little that throws much light on its arrange- 

 ment. It was not, however, quite such an 

 indiscriminate affair as Mr. Hazlitt suggests. 

 In " The Romance of the Rose " in the British 

 Museum (Harl. MS. 4425) there is a beautiful 

 illumination of a garden, dating from the latter 

 part of the fifteenth century. This garden is 



