24 THE FORMAL GARDEN IN ENGLAND n 



rectangular grass plots, in one of which is an 

 orange-tree in a circular fence ; at the farther 

 end is a fence of flowers on a wooden trellis — 

 and peacocks are shown in the garden. Both 

 gardens are evidently pleasure or flower gardens, 

 as distinct from the kitchen garden. Mr. 

 Hazlitt suggests that " arbour " was originally 

 *' herbarium," a space of grass planted with 

 trees ; but the lines quoted above certainly refer 

 to a "green arbour," and prove that by the 

 beginning of the fifteenth century an arbour, 

 in pretty much the sense that we should under- 

 stand it, formed a regular part of the garden. 

 On page 14^ of "The Romance of the Rose" 

 there is a drawing of a garden with a wall 

 about 7 feet high with battlements. On 

 page 25 there is a drawing of a feature which 

 seems to have been common in the mediaeval 

 garden — a square embrasure^ was formed in the 

 brickwork of the garden wall, with a seat round 

 three sides about 2 feet wide and 1 8 inches above 

 the ground ; the seat was of grass. On page 30 

 a bed of roses is shown instead of the grass seat ; 

 on page 43 a green walk, such as is frequently 

 referred to in old writers, is shown, formed on 

 wooden framing with red and white roses. 



It is not, however, till the time of Henry 

 VIII. that we come across any specific facts as 

 to the arrangement of gardens. In 1520 

 Cardinal Wolsey began his great palace of 

 Hampton Court. Wolsey's gardens, as de- 



Library 



N. C, State Oolles?^ 



