28 THE FORMAL GARDEN IN ENGLAND n 



Italian examples were freely copied in this 

 garden/ The kitchen garden and the fruit 

 garden were separated, and the latter was sur- 

 rounded by a wall 14 feet high, covered with 

 rosemary. Hentzner noticed this practice oi" 

 covering the whole surface of a wall with rose- 

 mary at Hampton Court and other places in 

 England. " In the artificial pleasure gardens," 

 he writes, " there are many columns and pyramids 

 of marble, and two fountains of springing water 

 — one shaped like a round, the other like a 

 pyramid ; little birds spouting forth water sit 

 on them. In the grove of Diana, in which is 

 an artificial fountain, very pleasant to look 

 upon, Actaeon is being changed into a stag by 

 the sprinkling of the goddess, with inscriptions 

 underneath." Devices of this description, water- 

 engines and elaborate hydraulic machines, were 

 common in the great gardens of the sixteenth 

 century. Hentzner mentions a curious sun-dial 

 and fountain in the gardens at Whitehall which 

 drenched the spectators if they came too 

 close. Classical names and allusions were freely 

 applied to the different parts of the garden. 

 The garden at Theobalds, begun for Lord 

 Burleigh in 1560, contained at one end a small 

 mound called " the Mount of Venus." Hentz- 

 ner gives a detailed account of this garden. 



^ Hentzner was a German who travellefl through Englan^l in the 

 sixteenth century and published an account of his travels in Latin at 

 Nuremburg in 1598- 



