II THE GARDEN IN ENGLAND 4; 



should be planted differently, and a series of 

 knots or interlacing figures are given, which 

 were to be planted with gerrnander, hyssop, 

 thyme, pink gillyflowers, or thrift, with borders 

 of lavender, rosemary, or box. The noticeable 

 point in Markham's account of the gardens is 

 the emphasis with which he insists on the 

 necessity of ordered design, not only for all 

 kinds of gardens, but for the orchards and fish- 

 ponds as well. Everything is to be laid out in 

 comely order. The kitchen garden is not to 

 be a dreary wilderness of vegetables, but should 

 have its broad trim paths, its borders of 

 lavender or roses, its well or fountain, and even 

 its arbours or "turrets of lattice flishion," as in 

 the garden of pleasure. One finds no sugges- 

 tion in Markham of *' improving nature " ; the 

 point would never have occurred to him 

 whether nature was to be improved or dis- 

 improved ; but, on the other hand, one does 

 find in him a genuine love of nature, of the 

 music of birds, of the sweet scent of flowers 

 and all their dainty colouring. His influence 

 through the seventeenth century was con- 

 siderable ; several of his treatises were published 

 in a collected form under the title of A IVay 

 to get Wealthy and this book went through 

 fifteen editions, the last appearing as late as 

 1695, when the school of Le Notre was well in 

 the ascendant. 



William Lawson was a friend of Markham's, 



