46 THE FORMAL GARDEN IN ENGLAND n 



and wrote, like the latter, out • of his own 

 experience. In 1618 he published J New 

 Orchard and Garden, being, as he says in the 

 title-page, ''the labours of forty -eight years, 

 more particularly in Yorkshire." Lawson seems 

 to have lived in Holdernesse. An orchard 

 with Lawson meant, in the strictest sense, an 

 apple garden, for it was to be laid out with 

 large walks, broad and long, having seats of 

 camomile, and enclosed with walls or moats, 

 and to have borders and beds of sweet flowers, 

 and cut work in "lesser wood," mazes, and 

 bowling alleys, and a pair of butts ; and "one 

 chief grace that adornes an orchard, I cannot let 

 slippe ; a brood of nightingales, who with their 

 several notes and tunes, with a strong delight- 

 some voyce out of a weake body, will bear you 

 company night and day ... the gentle robbin 

 red-breast will helpe her, . . . neither will the 

 silly wren be behind in Summer, with her dis- 

 tinct whistle (like a sweet Recorder) to cheere 

 your spirits." Lawson lays it down as a matter 

 of course that a garden should be square, and 

 gives some designs for knots for the square 

 beds in The Countrie Housewife' s Garden, 

 161 J. The kitchen garden and , flower garden 

 should be divided, but you are not to neglect 

 beauty in the kitchen garden, and you may 

 therefore make " comely borders to the beds, 

 with Roses, Lavender, and the like." The most 

 delightful chapter in The New Orchard is that 



