ii8 THE FORMAL GARDEN IN ENGLAND v 



following manner : — Remove all the surface 

 earth and all roots from the subsoil for a depth 

 of 8 or 9 inches. Fill in with coarse unscreened 

 gravel (or broken bricks) for 5 or 6 inches, 

 level and well ram it, and lay over the surface a 

 final coat of fine gravel 2 or 3 inches thick. 

 If moss appears, you are to rake up the top 

 coat and roll it again. To prevent the earth 

 at the sides from mixing with the gravel and 

 causing weeds and moss, the sides should be 

 supported with two or three courses of brick- 

 work, or bricks set on end, edge to edge, 

 the top of the bricks to be about an inch 

 below the surface. To prevent the gravel 

 disintegrating in frost, a coating of sea-shells 

 or brick refuse broken up fine is useful. On 

 either side of the gravel walk verges of turf 

 should be formed for use in hot weather ; the 

 grass may be separated from the gravel by stone 

 edging rising 3 oi* 4 inches above the surface 

 of the path.^ Switzer gives a rule for the 

 section of the path. It should be i inch rise 

 to 5 feet in width ; thus if a path is 20 feet 

 wide, it ought to be 4 inches higher in the 

 middle than at the sides. (3) Green walks, 

 made either by laying turf or by " raking them 

 RnQ and sowing them with hay-dust or seed, 

 which may be had at the bottom of a hay-mow." 



^ In the quadrangle of New College, Oxford, the oval of turf is 

 raised some 3 to 4 inches above the gravel ; a small stone curb rises 

 2 inches or so above the gravel, and the edge of the turf is flush with its 

 face. By this means a perfectly true edge is kept. 



