1 62 THE FORMAL GARDEN IN ENGLAND vn 



tall and so sturdy as not to be wronged by the 

 winds ; besides it will furnish to the very foot 

 of the stem, and flourishes with a glossy and 

 polished verdure, which is exceedingly delight- 

 ful." He mentions the long walk of the 

 Luxembourg and " the close walk with that 

 perplext canopy which lately covered the seat 

 in his Majesty^s garden at Hampton Court," 

 and. the hedges at New Park, as instances 

 of hornbeam hedges. At the end of the 

 seventeenth century much money was spent in 

 forming palisades of different architectural forms. 

 Twenty thousand crowns were spent in work of 

 this sort at the gardens of the Hotel de Conde. 

 London and Wise are minute in their directions. 

 The arcades were to be formed of elm, lime, 

 or hornbeam — elm for preference. The elms 

 were to be planted in a straight line 8 to 

 lo feet apart. Elms about 6 feet high and 

 " as thick as your arm " (the two dimensions 

 do not quite agree) were to be used. In the 

 second year after planting you began to form 

 the columns by selecting the likeliest boughs 

 and binding them with osiers to a wooden post, 

 and cutting off the rest. The arches were 

 formed by binding hoops of waod to the posts 

 and training the boughs to these as before. In 

 the spandrels will be left a tuft of foliage, which 

 you trim to the shape of an apple or any other 

 form you please. Each column will be. about 

 1 6 feet high — 6 feet of plain stem, and lo feet 



