190 THE FORMAL GARDEN IN ENGLAND ix 



trellis 



at the sides and overhead, supported at the 

 angles by stone piers and pillars ; over, this 

 was trained the vine, to form a green 

 arbour. " Pergola " itself 

 means a certain sort of grape. 

 The term came to be used 

 loosely for all covered look- 

 outs. Evelyn mentions a plane 

 and a lime-tree at Strasburg 

 " in which is erected a pergola 

 of 50 feet wide, and 8 feet 

 from the ground, having ten arches of 12 feet 

 high, all shaded with their foliage." Johnson 

 gives a passage where pergola is used for a part 

 of the banqueting - house : "He was ordained 

 his standing in the pergola of the banqueting- 

 house " — that is, in the covered approach lead- 

 ing up to the banqueting-house. 

 Few examples of older per- 

 golas remain. They were ruth- 

 lessly swept away by the land- 

 scape gardeners, and it is prob- 



able that their life 

 original form would not 



m 



Its 

 be very 

 long, as the trees inevitably grew 

 out of shape. There is a beauti- 

 ful modern pergola formed of 

 apple-trees at Tyninghame. 



The banqueting-house was a term in 

 common use in the seventeenth century. This 

 was a solid building of brick or stone, in one or 



