the circumstances of the one country correspond with 

 those of the other. 



The great objects of agriculture, and the great 

 agricultural products of England, and of Massachu- 

 setts, are much the same. Neither country pro- 

 duces olives, nor rice, nor cotton, nor the sugar cane. 

 Bread, meat, and clothing are the main produc- 

 tions of both. But although the great productions 

 are mainly the same, yet there are many diversi- 

 ties of condition and circumstances and various 

 modes of culture. 



The primary elements which enter into the con- 

 sideration of the agriculture of a country are four ; 

 climate, soil, price of land, and price of labor. In 

 any comparison, therefore, of the agriculture of Eng- 

 land with that of Massachusetts, these elements are 

 to be taken particularly into view. 



The climate of England differs essentially from 

 that of this country. England is on the western 

 side of the eastern, and we on the eastern side of the 

 western continent. The climate of each country is 

 materially affected by its respective situation in rela- 

 tion to the ocean. The winds, which prevail most, 

 both in this country and in England are from the 

 west ; it is known that the wind blows, in our lat- 

 itudes, from some point west to some point east, on 

 an average of years nearly or quite three days out of 

 four. These facts are familiar. The consequences 

 resulting from them are, that our winters are colder 

 and our summers much hotter than in England. Our 

 latitude is about that of Oporto, yet the tempera- 

 ture is very different. On these accounts, there- 

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