94 COSMIC FHILOSOPHT, [pt. ii. 



mi'iits. Such special adjustments are seen in the cases of 

 " the lion that goes to the river-side at dusk to lie in wait for 

 creatures coming to drink, and the house-dog standing outside 

 the door in expectation that some one will presently open it." 

 But the increase in speciality of adjustment is most con- 

 spicuously exemplified in the progress of the human race ; as 

 is seen by contrasting the savage who sharpens his arrows in 

 expectation of the periodic flight of certain birds, with the 

 astronomer who at a given day, hour, and minute, adjusts his 

 telescope to watch a transit of Venus. 



In the life of the highest animals, and especially in the 

 life of the human race, characterized as it is by the predomin- 

 ant activity of the great cephalic ganglia, there is witnessed 

 an increase in the generality of the correspondence, parallel 

 with the increase in speciality. As this topic falls almost 

 entu'ely within the province of sociology, the illustration 

 of it must be reserved for a future chapter. Let it here 

 suffice to recall the fact, already mentioned, (Part T. Chap, viii.,) 

 that the progress of human knowledge has all along been 

 equally characterized by analysis and by synthesis, — by the 

 differentiation implied in the recognition of relations that are 

 more and more special, as well as by the integration implied 

 in the grouping of relations in classes that are more and more 

 general. 



Along with the increase of the correspondence in spatial 

 and temporal remoteness, in speciality and in generality, there 

 is a continuous increase in complexity. Indeed, in the various 

 aspects of psychical progress already contemplated, this 

 aspect has been continually illustrated. Obviously the 

 development of sense-organs, while widening the environ- 

 ment and increasing the number of relations to which the 

 organism may adjust itself, enhances also the complexity of 

 the adjustments. Contrast the simple movements of the 

 planaria when an opaque object passes before its rudimentary 

 eye, with the complex movements of a cat when a mouse is 



