CH. XXI.] GENESIS OF MAN, INTELLECTUALLY, 287 



and to contrast him directly with chimpanzees and gibbons, 

 is in the highest degree fallacious ; since the proceeding 

 involves the omission of a host of facts which,, when taken 

 into the account, must essentially modify the aspect of the 

 whole case. 



When we take the refined and intellectual Teuton, with his 

 one hundred and fourteen cubic inches of brain, and set him 

 alongside ot the chimpanzee with his thirty-five cubic inches 

 of brain, the difference seems so enormous as to be incom- 

 patible with any original kinship. But when we interpose 

 the Australian, whose brain, measuring seventy cubic inches, 

 comes considerably nearer to that of the chimpanzee than 

 to that of the Teuton, the case is entirely altered, and we 

 are no longer inclined to admit sweeping statements about, 

 the immeasurable superiority of man, which we may still 

 admit, provided they are restricted to civilized man. If 

 we examine the anatomical composition of these brains, the 

 discovery that in structural complexity the Teutonic cere- 

 brum surpasses the Australian even more than the latter 

 surpasses that of the chimpanzee, serves to strengthen us 

 in our position. And when we pass from facts of anatomy 

 to facts of psychology, we obtain still further confirmation ; 

 for we find that the difference in structure is fully paralleled 

 by the difference in functional manife:itation. If the English- 

 man shows such wonderful command of relations of space, 

 time, and number, as to be able to tell us that to an observer 

 siaiioned at Greenwich on the 7th of June, a.d. 2004, at 

 precisely nine minutes and fifty-six seconds after five o'clock 

 in the morning, Venus will begin to cross the sun's disc ; on 

 the other hand, the Australian is able to count only up to 

 five or six, and cannot tell us the number of fingers on his 

 two hands, since so large a number as ten excites in him 

 only an indefinite impression of plurality.^ Our conception of 



' The Dammaras, according to Mr, Galton, are even worse off than this. 

 " "When they wish to express four, they take to th iii' fingers, which are to 



