CH. XXI.] GENESIS OF MAN, INTELLECTUALLY. 321 



It is a corollary from the foregoing considerations, that no 

 race of organisms can in future be produced through the 

 agency of natural selection and direct adaptation, which shall 

 be zoologically distinct from, and superior to, the human race. 

 As the same causes which physically modify lower species 

 have, for countless ages, modified man directly and greatly in 

 intelligence and only indirectly and slightly in physical con- 

 stitution, it follows that mankind is destined to advance 

 during future ages in psychical attributes, but is likely to 

 undergo only slight changes in outward appearance. It is 

 by the coordination of intellectual and moral relations that 

 man maintains himself in equilibrium with the physical, in- 

 tellectual, and moral relations arising in his ever-changing 

 environment. And hence in the future, as in the recent past, 

 the dominant fact in the career of humanity is not physical 

 modification, but civilization. 



Here we are brought by a new route to the verge of that 

 theory of civilization which I have sought to elucidate in the 

 preceding chapters. We have touched upon a grand truth, 

 of which it would be difficult to overrate the importance. 

 For we can now admit — not as a concession to Mr. St. George 

 Mivart, but as a legitimate result of our own method of 

 inquiry — that when " the totality of man's being " is taken 

 into the account, the difference between ape and mushroom 

 is less inq)ortant than the difference between ape and man. 

 And without conceding aught to that superlative nonsense 

 known as the " doctrine of special creations," we may admit, 

 with the Duke of Argyll, that the eleven cubic inches of 

 brain-space, by which the aboriginal Hindu surpasses the 

 gorilla, have a higher value, for purposes of classification, 

 than the sixty-eight cubic inches by which the modern 

 Englishman surpasses the Hindu. We now see what kind 

 of a Eubicon it was which was crossed when those eleven 

 cubic inches of brain (or even when four or five of them) 

 had been gained. The croo.sing of the Eubicon was the 



VOL. II. T 



