326 COSMIC PHILOSOPHY. [it. n. 



philosopliy imperatively required by the facts, it is well to 

 state, at the outset, that the existence of a moral sense and 

 moral intuitions in civilized man is fully granted. It is 

 admitted that civilized man possesses a complex group of 

 emotions, leading him to seek the right and avoid the 

 wrong, without any reference to considerations of utility ; 

 and I disagree entirely with those utilitarian disciples of 

 Locke, who would apparently refer these ethical emotions 

 to the organization of experiences of pleasure and pain in 

 the case of each individual. So long as the subject is 

 contemplated from a statical point of view, so long as 

 individual experience is studied without reference to an- 

 cestral experience, the follower of Kant can always hold 

 his ground against the follower of Locke, in ethics as well 

 as in psychology. When the Kantian asserts that the in- 

 tuitions of right and wrong, as well as the intuitions of 

 time and space, are independent of experience, he occupies 

 a position which is impregnable, so long as the organization 

 of experiences through successive generations is left out of 

 the discussion. But already, on two occasions of supreme 

 importance, we have found the Doctrine of Evolution lead- 

 ing us to a common ground upon which the disciples of 

 Kant and the disciples of Locke can dwell in peace together. 

 We have seen that the experience-test and the incon- 

 ceivability-test of truth are, when deeply considered, but 

 the obverse faces of the same thing. We have seen that 

 there is a stand-point from which the experience-theory 

 and the intuition-theory of knowledge may be regarded as 

 mutually supplementing each other. We shall presently 

 see, in like manner, that the so-called doctrine of utili- 

 tarianism and the doctrine of moral intuitions are by no 

 means so incompatible with one another as may at first 

 appear. As soon as we begin to study the subject dynami- 

 cally, ev(!rything is shown in a new light. Admitting the 

 truth of the Kantian position, that there exists in us a 



