426 COSMIC PHILOSOFHY. [pt. hi. 



theologians tirge either against the theory of evoh.tion oi 

 against any other theory which extends what is called " the 

 domain of natural law." Take away this concef tion, and not 

 only do their specific arguments lose all significance, but their 

 entire position becomes meaningless : there ceases to be any 

 reason for their opposing instead of welcoming the new 

 theory. For if " extending the domain of natural law " be 

 equivalent to " extending our knowledge of Divine action," 

 what objection can the theologian logically make to thisi 

 Manifestly his hostile attitude is wholly prescribed by his 

 belief, whether tacit or avowed, that the sphere of natural 

 law and the sphere of Divine action are two different spheres, 

 so that whatever is added to the former is taken from the 

 latter. It is assumed that the universe is a sort of lifeless 

 machine, which under ordinary circumstances works along 

 without immediate Divine superintendence, in accordance 

 with what are called natural laws, very much as the steam- 

 engine works when once set going, in accordance with the 

 harmoniously cooperating properties of its material structure. 

 Only by occasional interposition, it is assumed, does God 

 manifest his existence, — by originating organic life, or creat- 

 ing new species out of dust or out of nothing, or by causina 

 prodigies to be performed within historic times for the edifi- 

 cation of gaping multitudes. So deep-seated is this assump- 

 tion — so vitally implicated is it with all the habits of thought 

 which theology nurtures — that we sometimes hear it explicitly 

 maintained that when natural law can be shown to be co- 

 extensive with the whole of nature, then our belief in God 

 will ipso facto be extinguished. 



Such a position is no doubt as irreligious as it is unscien- 

 tific ; but it is not difiicult to see how it has come to be 

 so commonly maintained. Not only is it often apparently 

 justified by the unphilosophical language of scientific men — 

 especially of those shallow writers known as " materialists " 

 — who speak of " natural law " as if it were something dif* 



