OP NATURAL HISTORY. 501 



Befide falmons and herrings, there are many lifhes which 

 obferve a regular migration, as mackerels, lampreys, pil- 

 chards, &c. About the middle ot July, the pilchards which 

 are a fpecies of herrings, though fmaller, appear in vaft fhoals 

 x)ff the coafts of Cornwall. When winter approaches, like 

 the herrings, they retire to the Arctic feas. Though fo near- 

 ly allied to the herring, it is not incurious to remark, that 

 the pilchards, in their migration for the purpofe of fpawning, 

 choofe a warmer latitude ; for, ofi* the coaft of Britain, the 

 great fhoals never appear farther north than the county of 

 Cornwall and the Scilly illands. Dr. Borlafe, in his hiftory 

 of Cornwall, gives the following account of the pilchard fifh- 

 ery : * It employs,' fays he, < a great number of men on the 

 « Tea, training them thereby to naval affairs ; employs m.en, 

 « v/omen, and children, at land, in faking, preffing, wafliing, 

 « and cleaning, in making boats, nets, ropes, cafks, and all the 



< trades depending on their conftrudlion and fale. The poor 

 « is fed with the offals of the captures, the land with the re- 



* fufe of the fifh and fait ; the merchant finds the gains of 



* commifHon and honeft commerce, the fiiherm^an the gains 



< of the fifh. Ships are often freighted hither with fait, and 

 « into foreign countries with the fifh, carrying off, at the 



* fame time, part of our tin. The ufual produce of the num- 

 « ber of hogflieads exported each year, for ten years, from 



< 1747 to 1756 inclufive, from the four ports of Tawy, Fal- 



< mouth, Penzance, and St. Ives, it appears, that Tawy has 



< exported yearly 1732 hogflieads ; Falmouth, 14631 hogf- 



< heads and two thirds ; Penzance and Mounts-Bay, 13149 



< hogfheads and one third; St. Ives, 1282 hogflieads : In all 

 « amounting to 29795 hogflieads. Every hogfliead, for ten 



< years lafl paft, together with t'le bounty allowed for each 



< hogihead exported, and the oil made out of each hogfhead, 



< has amounted, one year with another at an average, to the 



< price of one pound thirteen fhillings and three pence ; fo 



P p p 



