INTRODUCTION 11 



than the other; in the larger type the legs project almost wholly upon 

 one side. 



These types, like the Bertillon form of craniometer, were originally 

 designed to take only certain specific measurements, of use in the identi- 

 fication of criminals, and are still in general use for this purpose. They 

 answer fairly well for general anthropometric purposes, but are not fitted 

 for as general use as the other types. As another special form of slide 

 compass may be mentioned Flower's craniometer, used by the English 

 for purposes similar to those for which the smaller calipers are employed; 

 it has the curved legs of calipers, but in design and plan is a slide com- 

 pass (Fig. 3). 



Anthropometer. The anthropometer (Fig. 4), the most generally 

 useful of all anthropometric instruments, is especially designed for use 



FIG. 4. Anthropometer of Martin, in the folding linen case, ready to be taken into 

 the field. (Made by Hermann; Zurich.) 



in the field, and is thus capable of being readily unshipped and packed 

 in a small folding canvass case. It consists essentially of a long rod of 

 rigid steel, made of four separate lengths of 55 cm. each, which, when put 

 together into one piece, has a length of two meters. Upon one side this 

 rod is graduated in an ascending scale, from the free end, which is intended 

 to rest upon the ground, up to the top, to which is attached an immovable 

 socket (seen upon the top of the rod in Fig. 5). A similar socket, also 

 intended to bear a cross-rod, slides freely up and down the rod, and regis- 

 ters the height from the ground of any point upon which the end of the 

 cross-rod rests (in Fig. 5 the operator is recording the height of the head 

 of the radius in the standing subject). 



Upon the opposite side of the long upright rod, its two upper lengths 

 bear a graduated ruling in a descending direction, with the zero point at 



