14 LABORATORY MANUAL OF ANTHROPOMETRY 



ployment. On the other hand steel tape is necessarily rigid, and does not 

 apply itself to a slightly wavy, or otherwise irregular, surface as does the 

 cloth, and by spanning the hollows may give an incorrect reading, pro- 

 vided the perimeter of the actual surface is desired. On the whole it is 

 to be recommended to employ cloth tapes, which are to be frequently 

 renewed. It is also advisable to test all tapes in use at very frequent 

 intervals, by applying them to some rigid measure, as the rod of the 

 anthropometer. 



Goniometer. Frequently, when an investigator has found a certain 

 angle, as shown generally in the skull or other bone, or perhaps in the 

 living profile, he devises a special instrument (goniometer), designed to 



FIG. 7. Attachable goniometer of Mollison. (After Mollison.') 



record the measure of this special angle, and this practice has thus re- 

 sulted in putting before the anthropologist a large number of such special 

 instruments. 



Goniometer of the "Clamp-on Type." A generalized type of gonio- 

 meter is found in the Ansteckgoniometer, or "Clamp-on Goniometer," of 

 Mollison. This is made for attachment to other instrume ts and is thus 

 capable of measuring almost any angle where the part under observation 

 is immovable, as with a skull in a craniophore, since the instrument 

 depends upon gravitation. It consists essentially (Fig. 7) of a protractor, 

 to which is attached a swinging needle, with a heavy base. The frame of 

 the protractor possesses a slot, controlled by a spring and binding screws, 

 allowing an easy attachment to any one of several parts of the slide com- 

 pass, or to other instruments, so that the angle formed by the line joining 

 the end of the legs of the compass with the perpendicular, as defined by 



