INTRODUCTION 



21 



arm, that comes out from one edge, and thus gets rid of the substruc- 

 ture which in the other form bears the socket.* 



B 



FIG. 12. Cubic craniophore of Martin, used with his diagraph. The upper figure 

 gives Martin's original model, in which to insure sufficient rigidity to the whole it is neces- 

 sary to supply the bottom square (here the top) with a set of cross diagonals. In order 

 to free the entire surface of drawing paper on which the craniophore stands, the whole 

 apparatus is inverted, and the skull hangs from the middle of the upper plane. In the 

 lower figure, equipped with the improvement of Scnlaginhaufen, this inversion is not neces- 

 sary, as the skull is borne upon a rigid steel arm which projects from one edge like an 

 immovable bracket lamp, and quite frees the craniophore from all incumbrances like 

 diagonals. The leveling platform used in connection with both craniophore and diagraph 

 is a great convenience wherever a permanently level table top is not available. (After 

 Schlaginhqufen.) 



Horizontal Needle. A convenient accessory instrument, the hori- 

 zontal needle, consists of a small steel upright on a tripod, which bears, in a 

 socket which may be raised and lowered, a cross needle which may be 

 pushed in and out, precisely like the upper one of the two arms of the 



* For the " Kubuskraniophor " here figured and described, cf. MARTIN, R. : 

 Ueber einige neuere Instrumente und Hilfsmittel fur den anthropologischen Unter- 

 richt, Correspondenzblatt der deutschen Gesellsch. fiir Anthropol. No. 11, 1903. 

 (Versammlung in Worms.) SCHLAGINHAUFEN, O.: Beschreibung und Handhabung 

 von Rudolf Martin's diagraphen-technischen Apparaten, ibid., No. 15, 1907. 



