24 LABORATORY MANUAL OF ANTHROPOMETRY 



to which it is attached exactly at right angles (Fig. 15). The upright 

 bears a long, curved needle, which can be raised and lowered, and which 

 is sufficiently curved to be out of the way of any projecting portion of 

 the skull or bone which is being traced. The point of this needle (d), 

 placed upon the desired level of a skull firmly held in a craniometer, 

 traces around the perimeter, while a pencil (g~) traces exactly the same 



FIG. 14. The dioptograph of Lucae in use. The operator is here following the contour 

 lines of a skull as seen from the norma verticalis by means of the small telescope, and at the 

 same time, by means of the attached pantograph, is sketching the same upon the sheet 

 of drawing paper upon her left, mounted upon the drawing-board. As with other panto- 

 graphs a skull may be thus drawn at a reduction or an enlargement, or can be drawn at 

 exactly the natural size, as here. 



curve upon a sheet of paper placed upon the table. In the figure, which 

 is a little blind, the curved line proceeding from the pencil point is simply 

 the curve which is being drawn, and not a second needle, as it seems. 



Diagraph cf Martin. The form employed by Martin, called a dia- 

 graph, is figured in connection with his cubic craniophore in Fig. 12. The 

 curved needle is similar to the one used in the previous instrument, but 



