OSTEOMETRY; THE MEASUREMENT OF THE BONES 63 



Classification of Values 



ultradolichocranial* below 65 



hyperdolichocranial 65-70** 



dolichocranial 70-75 



mesocranial 75-80 



brachycranial 80-85 



hyperbrachycranial 85-90 



ultrabrachycranial ' 90+ 



[This index is available for the living, but the values of the separate 

 classes are to be advanced one point. Thus, a brachycephalic 

 head (living) runs, not from 80 to 85, but from 81 to 86, and so on]. 



2 Length height index basion - bre g ma hei S ht M X 10 



. J^tts f IU if I ft c I Url I/ I f frCtt/X . * i i 



maximum cranial length [1] 



chamaecranial below 70 



orthocranial 70-75 



hypsicranial 75 + 



This index is obviously not applicable to the living. 



r . -. , . , . , auriculajifcight [4c] X 100 



3. Length-auricular height index -. | ... A . r , , 



maximuj^Hpnial length [1J 



chamaecranial below 58 



orthocranial 58-63 



hypsicranial 63 + 



This index may be used on the living head, and with the same 

 values. The terms to be used are chamaecephalic, orthocephalic, 

 etc., as with No. 1. 



4. Breadth-height index basion-bregma height M X 100 



maximum cranial breadth [2] 



tapeinocranial below 92 



metriocranial 92-98 



acrocranial 98+ 



[The three indices 1, 2, and 4, comparing each pair of the three 

 dimensions, length, breadth, height, together give the dimensions of 

 a skull viewed as a rectangular box. The length-breadth index 

 suggests the shape as seen from above (norma verticalis); the 



*As suggested by Martin, the suffix "cranial" is here employed to express the 

 length-breadth index on the skull, and "cephalic" for the corresponding index on 

 the living head. Thus, a head with an index of 78 is mesocephalic, while the same 

 head, macerated and reduced to a skull, should have an index of 77 and be mesocranial. 



** To be precise the upper limit of each class extends up to the lower one of the 

 next above, but does not reach it. Thus, the class beginning at 75 extends up to 

 the one beginning at 80, but ends at 79.99 +. [It is, however, more convenient, and 

 more easily remembered to write these limits as here (75-80, etc.) and no confusion 

 need arise if the actual state of the case is well understood.] 



