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LABORATORY MANUAL OF ANTHROPOMETRY 



line connecting the two condyles; i.e., the axis of the head and the axis 

 of the condoles (Fig. 32). This is taken by means of the parallelograph. 

 2. Cubital angle; the angle formed by the axis of the shaft with that 

 of the trochlea. This is taken by standing the bone upon the table, 

 the trochlear surface in contact with it. The angle to be measured is 

 that of the bone with the table. This angle, taken in connection with 

 that formed by the olecranon and shaft of the ulna, (joint axis angle, 



Swiss 



143.9 



FIG. 32. Contours of the two ends of a humerus superposed upon each other in bones 

 from two different races, to show amount and angle of torsion. (After Martin.) 



see below, under Ulna), determines the degree of obliquity of the fore arm 

 upon the upper arm in life, the "elbow angle" which is usually so much 

 more pronounced in females than in males as to constitute almost a 

 secondary sex character.* 



The anthropological study of the humerus is as yet too new either to 

 estimate the relative value of the data given, or to formulate definite 

 results from them. A few suggestions may be permitted, based upon the 



* MARTIN found the average value of the cubital angle in Fuegian humeri to be 

 83, and that of the Swiss, 77. Other authors have established an average of 70 

 for the white race. For the discussion of the elbow angle, see below, under Ulna. 



