92 LABORATORY MANUAL OF ANTHROPOMETRY 



any quadruped, such as a cat or a rabbit. In various human ulnae 

 there are considerable differences, the measurement of which may be 

 made by first establishing upon the projection the longitudinal axis of 

 the proximal end of the bone, and crossing this with a perpendicular, 

 tangent to the upper lip of the greater sigmoid notch. The height of the 

 olecranon above this is the measurement sought (n in Fig. 33) . 



The olecranal cap index (No. 7) may be obtained by comparing this 

 measure with that of the physiological length of the entire bone; as 

 follows: 



j fa n\ height of olecranal cap (6) X 100 



7. Olecranal cap index (6:2) = - r =-^ = ri .v /o\ 



physiological length (2) 



In modern men this index varies individually between 0.6 and 3.7, 

 the larger figures occurring in the more primitive human races, although 

 with some notable exceptions. In H. neandertalensis the cap is high, but 

 in the Simian apes it is low. On the other hand the lower monkeys in 

 general have a much higher cap than is found in any human races, some 

 of them approaching the quadrupeds in this particular. The table of 

 olecranal cap indices follows: 



H. papiens: 



South Sea islanders (6) 1.2 



Melanesians (13) 1.7 



South Germans, Baden (25) 1.7 



Australians (6) 1.8 



Africans (8) 1.9 



Negritoes (6; 2.0 



Fuegians 2.5 



H. neandertalensis: 



Neandertal 4.6 



Spy II; right 4.0 



Spy 11; left 3.8 



Simian apes: 



Gorilla (4) 0.8 



Gibbon (4) 1.0 



Orang (9; 1.1 



Chimpanzee (2) 1.4 



Lower apes (23), miscellaneous 6.4 



Lemurs 8.3 



8. Olecrano-coronoid angle. This character, also brought out by the 

 lateral projection, is the position or tilt of the greater sigmoid notch, 

 taken as a whole, as compared with the long axis of the bone. This can 

 be readily expressed by the value of the angle formed between the chord 

 ab, previously defined, and the prolongation of the line drawn across 

 the points of the upper and lower lips of the notch. If, as is sometimes 

 the case, the two lines are parallel, the angle is naturally O, and the notch 

 faces straight outwards; when, however, the notch has an upward tilt, the 

 two lines intersect above and form an angle which becomes greater the 



