OSTEOMETRY; THE MEASUREMENT or THE BONES 111 



most ventrally projecting point on the ventral surface of the pubic 

 symphysis. Pm. 



4. Conjugate, externa (lumbo-pubic depth); this corresponds to the 

 like-named measurement on the living, and is taken between the same 

 two points, the point of the dorsal spine of the fifth lumbar vertebra, 

 and the most ventral point of the pubic symphysis. This measurement 

 is naturally possible only in cases in which the fifth lumbar vertebra 

 belonging to the same pelvis is present. It is carefully adjusted in its 

 proper place where it is held by plastilena, and the measurement is then 

 taken as directed. This measurement in -the living exceeds that of the 

 skeleton in the thickness of the two layers of integument and in the 

 subcutaneous fat. 



5. Intertuberal breadth; from the center of the lower surface of one 

 sciatic tuber to that of the other. This should be the same value in 

 living or skeleton. RC. We may also make use of either : 



5a. Outer intertuberal breadth; measured from the most lateral points 

 on the lower surface of the tubers, or 



56. Inner intertuberal breadth; measured from the most medial points 

 on the lower surface of the tubers. In all cases it should be stated which 

 measurement is used. 



6. Spinal breadth; the distance between the anterior ventral (anterior 

 superior) spines of the ilia, taken from their outer lips. The same value 

 as in the living. RC. 



7. Acetabular breadth; across the pelvic girdle from the center of the 

 bottom of one acetabulum to that of the other. Pm. 



(6) Measurement of the pelvic basin. 



8. Upper sagittal diameter (conjugata vera); from the mid-ventral 

 point of the anterior lip of the first sacral vertebra (promontoiium sacri), 

 across the basin to the upper end of the inner surf ace of the pubic symphy- 

 sis, but not to the inward projecting process a little lower down. 



9. Lower sagittal diameter (conjugata diagonalis) ; from the middle 

 point of the promontorium sacri to the apex of the pubic angle, inner 

 surface. 



10. Upper transverse diameter; the greatest transverse diameter of the 

 pelvic brim (ilio-pectineal line), at right angles to 8. 



11. Lower transverse diameter; measured between the apices of the 

 spines of the ischia. Only possible when the spines are intact. 



12. Oblique diameter of the pzlvic brim; upon the ilio-pectineal line 

 from the ilio-sacral suture of one side to the region of the ilio-pectineal 

 crest of the other side. This latter point corresponds closely to the 

 original ilio-pubic suture, and lies above the lateral side of the obturator 

 foramen. There are naturally two of these oblique measures, the dextro- 

 sinistral and the sinistro-dextral; both should be measured, as pelves 

 are frequently asymmetrical. 



