OSTEOMETRY; THE MEASUREMENT OF THE BONES 125 



n. INDICES 

 A. Caliber indices. 



T r ,, . , j / o\ circum. of shaft at middle X 100 



1. Length-circumference index (9:2)- : ^ 



physiological length 



T ,T j. j / i o r\ sagit. + transverse diameters 



2. Lerqth-diameterindex(7 + 8 : 2) ^j^e of shaft X 100 



The ' ' Robusticity index ' ' r-j 



physiological length 



B. Shape indices. 



3. KS$ feb, (5 : 6) ant.-post. diam. of shaft proximal X 100 



transverse diam. at same point 



platymeric below 85 



eurymeric 85-100 



stenomeric 100 + 



(middle) dorso-ventral diam. of shaft, at middle 



4. Pilastric index (7 : 8) of the bone X 100 



medio-lateral diam. at same point 

 (distal) dorso-ventral of shaft, just above 



5. Popliteal index (18 : 19) the epicondyles X 100 



medio-lateral diam. at same point 



G. Indices of proximal end. 



TT j j i /io io\ transverse diam. of head X (100 



6. Head index A (13 : 12) - -. -p ^-r 



vertical diam. of head 



7. Head index .5(13 + 12 :2) transverse + vertical diameters of 

 "Robusticity index" head X 100 



8. Neck-length index (11 



physiological length 

 length of head and neck + 100 



physiological length 



D. Indices of distal end. 



9. Epicondylar breadth index (20 : 2) greatest medio-lateral breadth 



across the epicondyles X 100 

 physiological length 



10. Intercondylar index (22 : 21) length of medial epicondyle X 100 



length of lateral epicondyle 



., 1 n , , , .7.7 / 01 O N length of lateral epicondyle X 100 



11. Condylar length index (21:2) - r . , .-,-, 



physiological length 



Many of the indices above listed were at first devised to bring out more 

 definitely certain differences already noted, which occur between man 

 and the higher apes, or between modern man and the prehistoric H. 

 neandertalensis, and hence like differences shown by measurements be- 

 tween the various human races may be found to have a developmen- 

 tal significance. Thus, the head of the femur is enormously large in 

 the Neandertal type as compared with the modern species; and the 

 difference in the shape of the shaft between the two human species and 

 the gorilla is shown by the pilastric index. Other indices, indicate form- 



