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LABORATORY MANUAL OF ANTHROPOMETRY 



needles are applied to the surface of the bone, the one defining the longi- 

 tudinal axis of the trochlea, the other that of the posterior facet; a third 

 one is then placed upon the trochlear surface, crossing the needle which 

 defines the axis, and placed parallel to the needle upon the posterior 

 facet, which can be done by the help of the projecting endso this needle. 

 The angle thus formed by the intersection of the two needles in contact 

 may then be read off by the transparent protractor. 



Calcaneus 



The technique of the anthropometry of the calcaneus, as given here, 

 consists of the more important of the measurements proposed by Reicher, 

 in 1913 (Archiv fur Anthropol. XII, pp. 108-133). This work was done 

 at Zurich under Martin, who has also incorporated Reicher's results in 

 his text book (1914). 



I. MEASUREMENTS 



1. Maximum length; the length of the longitudinal axis of the bone, 

 which runs through the most backward projecting point of the tuber 



FIG. 41. Right calcaneus, medial view, showing lines for measurement. (After Reicher.) 



calcanei, and the middle of the upper edge of the articular surface for 

 the cuboid. There is a slight difference between this measure, taken 

 directly, as done by Volkov (1904), and by Reicher and Martin, who take 

 it projectively, dropping the two points down upon the surface upon 

 which the bone lies (line db in Fig. 41, dropped from a' and b' or d). The 

 line a'd would be oblique, and hence a little longer than ab. Reicher 

 mentions also what is really the physiologica, or working, length, which 

 ends anteriorly in the center of the cuboid articulation, i.e., the line cd 

 in Fig. 41. SC. 



2. Breadth across the sustentaculum; this is taken across the sustenta- 

 culum to the most lateral point in the border of the posterior articular 

 surface for the talus, along a line at right angles to the longitudinal axis 

 and upon a horizontal plane, perpendicular to the sagittal plane, that is 

 involving a double projection (line ab in Fig. 42). This measurement is 



