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To produce the best crops, with the least expenditure, is the 

 universal aim. To acquire this, we must endeavor to enrich 

 our soils. The problem, then, is, to solve some method by 

 which we can enrich or increase their fertility, after the re- 

 moval of the crop. 



I am well satisfied of the economy, toward accomplishing 

 this end, by a more extended culture of the rye crop, after 

 many summer vegetables. The advantages by growing rye 

 are many ; it can be put to so many profitable uses. Its great 

 value for fodder, when green, and more particularly when 

 cured for feeding purposes ; and it yields a greater net profit, 

 if procured for its grain, than any other cereal produced in this 

 section ; while the stubble ploughed under, in summer, as soon 

 as the crop is removed, has in a series of years, proved its 

 great fertilizing and enlivening properties, on soils that have 

 become baked, lumpy and lifeless, as is frequently the case 

 where land is kept under cultivation for many years, answer- 

 ing, in a great degree, the object attained, by seeding down to 

 grass, of restoring the animated life, necessary for the growth 

 of some crops in their greatest perfection. This course pur- 

 sued, will allow of the reproduction of the same crop, more 

 frequently, and saves the necessity of rotating annually, which 

 is sometimes inconvenient, although with some crops, very im- 

 portant. 



I have in mind, an experiment tried in our vicinity the past 

 season, of ploughing in a crop of rye for manure, when al- 

 most full grown, which is reported to have proved a great suc- 

 cess. Another advantage apparent by the method of plough- 

 ing as soon as convenient after the removal of a vegetable 

 crop, is, in the destruction of many noxious weeds and seeds, 

 which germinate, but fail to reproduce mature seed. 



Of the multitude of trades and vocations, there is none in 

 which so great difficulty exists in procuring reliable help, as 

 among farmers, and, by reason of this impossibility to obtain 

 laborers, for farm work, as skilful in performing their duties, 



