APPENDIX 337 



float them down torrents and rapids to the sea. The building 

 and working of saw-mills, run by water-power or by steam, must 

 be studied, and the cutting up and final marketing of timber. 



At the forest schools all possible requirements of the forester Profession of 

 are the subject of long and elaborate courses of study, besides 

 such subjects as mathematics, mensuration, and mechanics — in 

 short, a complete scientific education is given. 



The profession of forestry is in Germany looked upon as on a 

 par with that of the barrister, engineer, or medical man, and, 

 being a State service, possesses permanent advantages and 

 emoluments. 



England has allowed her forests to disappear — a very sad and Review of the 

 lamentable thing, in view of the fact that other countries in jn'^Britain. 

 Europe are utilizing the good gifts of Nature and bringing the 

 cultivation of timber to the highest perfection, for the benefit of 

 the people who dwell on the land and of the country generally. 



The able-bodied population of the country is permitted in 

 England to flock to the towns and live like Chinamen in filthy 

 tenements, or, as in Ireland, to emigrate to the States and flood 

 our markets with American produce, while thousands of acres of 

 land which would grow splendid timber are lying derehct, and 

 the natural protection of the soil which trees afford is finally 

 disappearing. 



While other countries of the world make laws and tariffs to Comparison 

 encourage the culture of every produce of the soil, and plant a European 

 thriving peasantry on the land, our politicians are too busy countries, 

 making laws for the protection of the labour monopolies of the 

 towns to pay any heed to the cry for protection of the tillers of 

 the soil, the stalwart but half-paid labourers on the land. The 

 result is the gradual exclusion of English manufactures from all 

 foreign markets, owing to dearness of operative labour, and the 

 disappearance of the country population and its dispersion across 

 the Atlantic. Add to this the ever-increasing drain on British 

 resources to purchase the wheat and timber no longer produced 

 at home, which must lead, in case of war, to disastrous famine 

 and collapse of all industry and desertion of the islands, which 

 have been swept clean of all that should, under natural conditions, 

 grow on the land. Coal and iron cannot be worked without 

 timber, and still less without wheat, and the population will 



