The writer is also aware that the recommendation of 40 per 

 cent nicotine at the rate of 1 to 500 (three-fourths of a pint 

 to 50 gallons) is much stronger than that which has been 

 recommended by many experiment stations and other agencies. 

 His experience, covering at least the last three years in New 

 Jersey, has, however, unmistakably shown that far better 

 results follow the use of 1 to 500 (three-fourths of a pint to 

 50 gallons) than those which follow the use of the weaker 

 mixtures. 



In applying these mixtures for the control of scales and plant 

 lice it is necessary that the coating of the trees be made as 

 nearly absolutely complete as is practicable, for all are sucking 

 insects, and must be hit in order to be killed. 



The machinery advisable depends upon the labor factor. 

 With high-pressure pumps and large delivery nozzles the coat- 

 ing may be obtained with a much shorter expenditure of time 

 and labor, but an equally good coating can be obtained with 

 lower pressures if time enough is taken to do the work. 



It should also be said that this first treatment, containing as 

 it does lime-sulphur, should have a destructive effect upon 

 fungous diseases. 



Second Treatment. 



Between the time the small leaves project from the flower 

 buds like squirrels' ears, and the time the trees come into 

 bloom, apple scab infection is likely to take place, red bugs, 

 canker worms and other leaf feeders to appear, and the fore- 

 runners of the plum curculio to make their appearance in the 

 orchard. This period is therefore one during which something 

 should be done to prevent injury bv fungous diseases and insect 

 enemies. When the buds begin to show pink the trees should 

 be thoroughly treated with a mixture composed of 1 gallon of 

 standard liquid lime-sulphur concentrate to 40 gallons of 

 water, to which arsenate of lead has been added at the rate of 

 1^ pounds of the powder or 3 pounds of the paste to 50 gallons. 

 The whole tree should be well coated, but an especial effort 

 should be made to see that the young flower buds and expand- 

 ing leaves are well covered. The best coating is likely to be 

 obtained by delivering the spray as a fine mist under high 



